Explain how group work contributed to the final performance Essay Example

Explain how group work contributed to the final performance Essay When we first began working as a collective none of us were very sure about how to proceed; we knew that for this to work, everyone would need to take their role within the group, but the problem was in finding what those roles should be. As we were in a very small group, everyones full input was needed throughout the process as we realised early on that if this did not happen then there would be a large proportion of the group not taking part. In larger groups, having someone not taking part would not necessarily be that important, however, with ours, we would be at a serious disadvantage. Luckily every one of group was very committed to producing the best piece that we could, and this involved not letting each other down. This work ethic allowed us to have many in-depth discussions into the possible interpretations and meanings of our work, and so we developed a very complex understanding of what we were actually trying to communicate, and, to us, gave the work much greater meaning. In the beginning stages, we all took on very similar working roles. This was not very productive as often the same task was performed three times over. For example, all doing research on the same subject meant that a lot of information was being regurgitated, and so time was being wasted on unnecessary work. Although it seems like an obvious course of action, we began giving people dedicated tasks at the end of each rehearsal. This allowed us to know exactly what other members of the group would be bringing to the next meet, and so we were able to structure our own work around this knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain how group work contributed to the final performance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Explain how group work contributed to the final performance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Explain how group work contributed to the final performance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of the most difficult parts of coming to the devising process was learning how to constructively working in a group over a long period of time. While we were used to being part of a cast, we had always had the influence of a director to keep things fresh and to solve conflicts. This time we would have to figure it all out for ourselves.  Before we tried to begin doing any work we first sat down and discussed and agreed upon a number of ground rules that we would be working to during our devising. These rules were not there to keep members of the group constrained, but were there so that we knew what was expected of us during this process. Much of what was decided came from common sense, but it was very useful to have everyones contribution as this created an open atmosphere where we could voice hopes and concerns about working in the group. These rules were written down, but they were never referred to afterwards as we all respected them throughout the process. In this early stage we had not had the chance to develop the group skills that would be so important to the completion of the project. In order to gain these skills we began working on simple tasks such as constructing short scenes and improvising around the stimulus material. These exercises did not contribute to the final performance, however, the processes of constructing them allowed us to work in the same group situations that we would be working in throughout the devising process, and gave us an idea of the kinds of concessions and cooperation needed for the success of group work. This way of working, was very intense, and although it did produce results, the group was not its without conflicts. Because of the open nature of the group we never had disagreements over the actual work; if there was a problem with what was being produced, we sat down and tried to work out alternatives, and it was this way of working that probably stopped a number of arguments. However, this was a very stressful atmosphere, especially as we came closer to the night of performance. On one occasion we found ourselves arguing over petty problems, and this began interfering with the work. At the time we decided to abandon the rehearsal and spend the evening relaxing, not thinking about the play! Thankfully this was the only occasion that we actually argued over the work and so the only time that our work was interrupted in this way. Although I have said that the amount of time spent together was the cause of disputes, this also created a very tight bond between the members of the group, and it was this bond that was crucial to the success of the final performance. This closeness that we had developed worked to our advantage on a number of levels. When developing ideas we were able to understand the thought track of other members very quickly, and so very little explaining was needed when presenting new concepts. But also, when we came to the final performance, we knew that we were able to rely on the abilities of other group members. In the performance, not only did we know what we were meant to be doing, we also knew exactly what other members of the cast were supposed to be doing. This allowed us to precisely plan our reactions and meant that (epically with the more physical elements) we were able to rely on other cast members to doing exactly what they supposed to be doing. This level of trust that had been developing for a number of weeks meant that we did not have to worry about the performance of other members of the group. Without the development of group work in the early stages we would not have been able to work effectively within the group, and possibly the very simple devising tasks would not have been achieved.

10 Definition Essay Topics on Environmental Science

10 Definition Essay Topics on Environmental Science Environmental science is squarely focused on studying the environment and providing solutions to problems affecting it adversely. If you’re looking for ideas to write a definition essay on environmental science, this guide is filled with interesting and highly informative facts that should trigger your train of thought. Although studies related to ecology do not strictly come under the discipline of environmental science, it’s still often studied in detail under the same umbrella. Ecologists study the interactions between various kinds of organisms and how it all affects the environment. Ecological training and research that generally focus on environmental issues directly impacting a certain organism they are studying. An environmental scientist has the option of including organism based research in their field, like some do while others don’t. The reason some don’t is because they like to focus on environmental problems of a physical nature. Like acid depositions which are produced by emissions and are a trait of the atmosphere around them; this observation is collected without considering the impact on organisms. The environment is a very complex field of study which comprises of different sub-fields such as natural, cultural and constructed environments. The study itself is an amalgamation of other various disciplines such as biology, chemistry, geology, political studies, religion, engineering, economics and law. This multidisciplinary study combines all the aforementioned disciplines to gather information about how people interact with the natural world. A student of Environmental Science combines knowledge of various disciplines and provides relevant and effective solutions to environmental problems. The issue of unequal consumption of natural resources is raised through the discipline of Environmental Science. Natural resources are consumed heavily in the developed world and resources often go to waste in developing countries. Although it should be the other way around, the usage of resources per individual in developed countries is 50 times greater compared to the average usage in developed countries. This is why developed countries are accountable for 75% of the world’s greenhouse gases and industrial waste. Deforestation is a heated subject of focus in Environmental Science studies. It’s done for several reasons such as the establishment of agricultural lands, commercial logging, raising crops, mining, accommodation of growing population, establishing industries, mineral extraction, dam constructions and infrastructure expansion. Although the importance of all the aforementioned reasons is significant, there are several environmental issues that are caused by deforestation like food shortages, ecological instability, increasing levels of CO2 and siltation, floods, significant changes in microclimate, decrease in biodiversity, desiccation of forest soil and global warming. According to United Nations, water is a basic human right and can’t be considered an ‘economic commodity’. However, Environmental Science has led us to believe that the consumption pattern of water is increasing exponentially. There is a water scarcity threat lurking around the corner that will relentlessly affect the global population. The consumption rate is twice the population growth rate while it’s a growing concern that over a billion people don’t have access to fresh water. It is estimated that around 2025, fresh water demand will have increased by more than 56%. Environmental Science has made it possible for us to study the decline in groundwater. Population levels have been increasing significantly while daily fresh water demand has increased by 3800 cubic kilometers. Several agriculturists have also been using excessive amounts of water to grow crops. Deforestation on hill slopes can cause the loss of forest cover, leading to loss of rainwater which is supposed to nourish the ground. Hydropower generation and the usage of large dams is also contributing to the loss of groundwater. According to research by various environmental scientists food production is inadequate in almost all developing countries. All the while, populations are growing exponentially. Contributory factors include subpar agricultural practices, degradation of agricultural lands, overexploitation of fertile soil, deforestation, negligence towards the land’s ecosystem by using genetically modified seeds, degrading sea resources, shortage of nutritious food and loss of genetic diversity in crops. Water scarcity, salinization and waterlogging have also affected agricultural lands all over the world. Energy resources can have a major impact on the environment as well. Over the past decade, energy consumption has increased by 14 times compared to population growth. There are several ways energy can be made such as wind power, tidal power, hydroelectric power, solar energy, biomass power, nuclear power, electro-chemical reaction, hydrogen fuel cells, geothermal power and the commonly used fossil fuels. Due to concerns of rising temperatures, the scientific community is working tirelessly to harbor green energy sources. Untapped energy sources include the earth’s magnetic field, temperature differences, energy within combustible deposits of methyl hydrates and even a human being generates 60 watts of heat. Air pollution is one of the biggest contemporary issues that Environmental scientists have been trying to overcome, which is unavoidable due to oceanic aerosols, biogenic sources and volcanic emissions etc. Artificial pollution is the result of burning fuel, construction, chemical manufacturing and other forms of industries. There are significant effects of air pollution on human health leading to hundreds of medical complications. It also affects food crops and other kinds of plantations. One of the biggest threats to the environment is radioactivity. Environmental scientists all over the world have been trying to curb issues caused by practices such as mining of radioactive ores, radioactive materials in power plants, radioactive isotopes used in medical facilities, nuclear waste from industrial reactors etc. The   effects of radioactivity can damage cell membranes, mitochondria and cell nuclei resulting in abnormality of cell function, division, growth and ultimately death. Radioactivity also causes genetic disorders that may lead to mutation or even blood and bone cancer. You are now you one step closer towards your ideal Environmental Science topic and have the foundation of good research. To learn more, head over to our next guide: 20 environmental essay topics for your college assignment followed by definition essay guide for these topics, which should provide further insights into writing a unique and impressive definition essay on any Environmental Science related topic. References: Wright, R. T., Boorse, D. (2011). Environmental Science: Toward A Sustainable Future. Boston: Benjamin Cummings. Miller, G. T., Spoolman, S. (n.d.). Environmental science. Withgott, J., Laposata, M. (2014). Environment The Science Behind The Stories. Boston, Mass.: Pearson. Cunningham, W. P., Cunningham, M. A. (2013). Principles of Environmental Science: Inquiry Applications. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Klein, N. (2015). This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate. New York: Simon Schuster paperbacks. Enger, E. D., Smith, B. F. (n.d.). Environmental science: A study of interrelationships. Cunningham, W. P., Cunningham, M. A. (n.d.). Environmental science: A global concern.

London bombings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

London bombings - Essay Example Fifty six people, 4 of which, the bombers, died in London on 7 July 2006 as a result of coordinated bombings at 3 points in the London underground train network and one double decker bus during the morning rush hour. About 700 were injured from the bombings: 340 at Russel Square; 90 at Aldgate; 163 at Edgware Road and 100 at the bus explosion at Tavistock Place. 350 of whom were treated at the scene and the rest treated at nearby hospitals: Royal London Hospital and St. Mary's Hospital in Paddington. Non-British victims of the bombing include people from Australia, China, Colombia, Israel, New Zealand, Poland, Romania and Sierra Leone ("Casualties of the 7 July 2005 London bombings", 2006).The three bombs at the underground train: Russel Square, Aldgate and Edgware Road exploded at around 8:50 in the morning, with 50 second interval from each other. About an hour later, another bomb exploded in Tavistock Place on a bus. The bombing is said to be the deadliest incident in London since the Second World War and in the whole United Kingdom since the Pan Am Flight 103 incident. It is also the first suicide bombing in Western Europe ("7 July 2005 London bombings", 2006).The British authorities confirmed the identities of the four bombers: Germaine Lindsay, 19; Hasib Hussain, 18; Shehzad Tanweer, 24 and Mohammad Sidique Khan, 30. Among the Bombers, Khan was identified to be the leader and Tanweer, second in command. Their inclusion in the death toll and their participation in the bombing were made certain by forensic evidence taken from the sites of bombing. DNA tests show that the four bombers were near the bomb during the explosions. Forensic evidence also shows the link between Khan, Tanweer and Hussain, and the bomb factory discovered in Alexandra Grove. In addition, the camera footages taken before the attack showed the bombers, each carrying rucksacks of distinctive size. The authorities confirm the possibility that the bombs used in the attack were contained in the rucksacks. Based on the reports gathered from witnesses, two of the bombers were remembered to be fiddling with their rucksacks before the explosions ("Report of the Official Account of the Bombings in London on 7th July 2005", 2006).Twelve thousand statements and 5000 forensically examined exhibits were used to and are still being used to connect situations and give the most detailed account of what happened. On 11 May 2006, an official account of the bombings was released ("Report of the Official Account of the Bombings in London on 7th July 2005", 2006). Initially, prior to the release of the 11 May report, it was theorized that high grade explosives with timed detonators were used by the bombers. The report refuted this theory stating that the bombs used were actually home-made explosives which materials could be very easily obtained. This report also provided a narrative of how the attack took place and a background on each bomber. In summary, the report ascertained that the planning of the London attacks took place after two of the bombers, Khan and Tanweer came back from Pakistan. It was claimed that some Al Qaeda training took place. Immediately after the attack, Al Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attacks in a website operated by the associates of Al Qaeda. According to them, the attacks were done in retaliation for the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan ("Report of the Official Account of the Bombings in London on 7th July 2005", 2006). The profiles of the bombers detailed in the report illustrate the difficulty in determining who and who are not possible suspects. All the bombers were known to be living seemingly ordinary lives with personalities not indicating any terroristic tendencies: Khan, being a role model for the youth; Tanweer with his friendly nature and modesty; Hussain being shy and quiet and Lindsay, although with possible criminal tendencies, did not exhibit any manifestation of terrorist

Lin200 final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lin200 final - Assignment Example 24. Localization is about the examination and study of various parts of the brain that carries out specialized functions in the learning and mastery of language. This is because different parts of the brains carry out various functions and the use of MRI scans and other things show the development of matter around various parts of the brain. Researchers indicate that language acquisition significantly alters the brain and parts of it. The left hemisphere of the brain and right hemisphere have specialized functions they each perform. For example, the Broca’s area is known for syntax learning. 26. A. Nonrefundable: non-refund-able; Category – Compounding form adjective; Root – Refund; Bases – Refund (verb), Able (adjective), Non (Adjective). Inflectional Affix: â€Å"Non† negating â€Å"Refund†; Derivational Affix: the connection of the first two roots with â€Å"–able† gives it a state or form. 28. A. Coordination is a problem with this because crippled and landing are somewhat problematic; There are also topicalization issues and there is also a problem with the pro-form substitution so I think it fails the test; B. There are some coordination issues with this sentence. â€Å"Took† does not seem to get along well with â€Å"to the garage†. There seem to be some issues with pseudo-clefting in this sentence as well. The sentence is grammatically correct, but has some few gaps. 32. Linguistic Relativity: This is the view that the nature and structure of a given language defines the worldview of its speakers. It posits that language and its structure determines the thought of its speakers. An example is the case of languages being specialized in certain worldviews and thoughts and helping to promote certain activities. For instance, Hebrew is structured to ensure that its speakers tilt towards a given worldview of Judaism and Jewish customs. 33. Homographs are words

Case study 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

2 - Case Study Example They fail to understand why the separation has happened and then end up having so much stress in themselves. Relationships however do not just work on the basis of inherent and goodness nature of the human beings (Cushman and Cahn 87). Another source of stress in relationships is the fact that there are frantic efforts to change the partners. Such things hardly happen because there are so many people that have backgrounds that have created them into the people that they are. Past experiences have made it possible for people to have specific characteristics. The anger and resent that follows these efforts are so critical that there so much stress that follows up (Romero 43). There are also some issues that happen in relationships and these may be a cause of a lot of stress if they are not handled well. One of them is the issue of blame game. There are people who are difficult to deal with and all the blame is always diverted to the other person. With the sense of guilt by virtue of no t having taken part in the issue that caused the concern, it becomes very hard for the ‘victim’ to take the blame. People are created differently. The issue of ‘kicking your seeing-eye dog’ supports the source of this stress. This issue is based on the principle that opposites attract (Fine and Harvey 22). One person may be a fanatic of sports for instance while the other, loathes sports. There is no clear cut point of focus as far sharing the hobbies is concerned. This culminates into not spending so much time together hence a stress of loneliness and misunderstanding. Some people handle relationships and stress differently. These are people who view stress as not being a big part of relationships but should be part of relationships. These people understand the fact that there are stresses that are acquired in the relationship and others are experienced outside the relationship. Therefore, combining these two is a suicidal issue that poisons the relationsh ip. Stresses that are obtained from the relationship should therefore be handled in the relationship amicably and the stresses experienced outside the relationship should also be handled outside (Rockwood 471). The situation as expressed by Mary is that of need for understanding in a situation where there are people with two different goals in the relationship and in life. She is so much into the other person Dewayne but he does not feel the same way. An analytical view of the case in which she confronts him after spotting him with another girl entering a restaurant is not proof enough to warrant a confrontation. Equally important is the fact that DeWayne lied to her that he was going for some study only to be seen with another girl. The fact that they had also discussed about later commitments in life makes the case even more complicated for Mary. She is suffering from the stresses of trusting him so much yet there are indications that she did not understand him to the required lev el, possibly due to lack of effective communication. Mary’s perceptions about the relationship were very valid and realistic going by the length of time they had been together. Two years allow individuals in a relationship to be able to understand each other and create a relationship that is bound to withstand the waves of time. DeWayne tends to adapt the characteristic of an individual considered to be difficult by social psychologists. This is the

Personal Reflection On Practicing A Clinical Skill

Personal Reflection On Practicing A Clinical Skill This essay will discuss a clinical skill in which I have become competent in practicing. I will use a reflective model to discuss how I have achieved the necessary level of competence in my nurse training programme. The reflective model I have chosen to use is Gibbs model (Gibbs 1988). Gibbs model of reflection incorporates the following: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and an action plan (Gibbs 1988). The model will be applied to the essay to facilitate critical thought, relating theory to practice where the model allows. Discussion will include the knowledge underpinning practice and the evidence base for the clinical skill. A conclusion to the essay will then be given which will discuss my reflection skills, acknowledge my competence and show my personal and professional development. The clinical skill I have chosen to reflect on within this essay is the administration of Intramuscular (IM) injections. I have chosen this as within my first clinical placement this was a widely used method of drug administration and I became involved in the process of IM injections. I therefore researched the topic of IM injections and my knowledge within this area developed. The first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of events. I was asked to administer a drug to a patient via IM injection. I had observed this clinical skill on a variety of occasions and had previously administered an IM injection under supervision. On this occasion I was being observed by two qualified nurses, one of which was my mentor. The drug had been drawn up and was ready to be administered and the patient consented to have a student administer the injection. My mentor was talking me through the procedure step by step and informed me that I should use an alcohol wipe to cleanse the injection site, when the other nurse interrupted and said that this was not necessary. This was in front of the patient, who then requested that the alcohol wipe was omitted as on previous occasions this had caused a stinging sensation. My mentor said that this was acceptable and I continued to administer the injection, omitting the use of the alcohol wipe. On the previou s occasions when I had administered IM injections I had not cleansed the site and had never been instructed to adopt this practice. I am now going to enter into the second stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection, which is a discussion about my thoughts and feelings. I was aware of being under the supervision of two qualified nurses and this made me feel very nervous and self conscious. Once my mentor questioned my practice, concerning skin cleansing, I became even more aware of feeling nervous and under pressure. The patient was present and I did not want the patient to feel that I did not know what I was doing. I thought that as I had been observed carrying out this clinical procedure on many other occasions then my practice must have been seen to be correct. I was now feeling very confused about the use of alcohol wipes in the administration of IM injection. I was also concerned that the practice of the qualified nurses was so inconsistent, which led me to evaluate the whole process. Evaluation is the third stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection and requires the reflector to with state what was good and bad about the event. I was aware that research by Workman (1999) suggests that the use of skin cleansing wipes is inconsistent and not necessary in IM injections if the patient appears to be physically clean and an aseptic technique is adopted, along with stringent hand washing by the nurse. It has also been noted that the use of cleansing with an alcohol wipe can cause skin hardening (Mallet Dougherty 2000). The trust policy was to follow guidelines published by the Royal Marsden Hospital (Mallet Dougherty 2000). The Royal Marsden (Mallet Dougherty 2000) advocate the use of skin cleansing wipes, however it is stated within their guidelines that they adopt this because their patients are often immunocompromised, and give evidence of previous studies which indicate that skin cleansing is not normally necessary. Therefore my practice was within the trust proto col. This experience made me think about my attitude towards literature and how it is applied in practice. Burnard (2002) suggests that a learner is a passive recipient of received knowledge, and that learning through activity engages all of our senses. The site used in the IM injection was the gluteus maximus, this the most commonly used site for the administration of IM injections (Greenway 2004, Workman 1999). The gluteus maximus area is both thick and fleshy with a good blood supply (Watson 2000). It is located in the hip area and forms the buttock (Watson 2000). It has been noted by Watson (2000) that the gluteus maximus is near the sciatic nerve and Greenway (2004) suggests that this presents a risk of threat of injury in the administration of IM injections. When I administered the IM injection to the patient, I injected into the gluteus maximus muscle, as the evidence stipulates this is best practice. Stage four of Gibbs (1988) is an analysis of the event, where Gibbs encourages the reflector to make sense of the situation. I will do this by exploring the skill and looking at the evidence underpinning it. An IM injection is the administration of medication into the muscle; there are many reasons why drugs are given via the IM route (Workman 1999). These include a rapid absorption rate, the conscious state of the patient, and the drug effect being altered by ingestion (Mallet Dougherty 2000, Workman 1999). Workman (1999) suggests there are four considerations in giving an injection, the site of injection, the technique, the equipment and the route. On my clinical placement, an orthopaedic outpatient centre, IM injections were administered on an almost daily basis. However Hemsworth (2000) comments that IM injections are rarely used in certain specialities and suggests that, in this case, nurses current practice in IM injections may not be up to date with recent research findings. Through evaluation of the event in question I have become more aware of different practices concerning the use of alcohol wipes in skin cleansing. I am aware that both practices have been researched, but as I develop professionally I am developing my own skills and will not cleanse the skin in future unless the trust policy dictates so or the patient requests me to do so. There is no clear evidence in this area but I will use the literature which is available to justify my actions, and therefore give evidence based care. The reason my mentor suggested using the alcohol wipe could be that she has been qualified for a long time, and practices have changed. In this scenario I have learnt from experience and through experience (Burnard 2002). Following this incident in practice I will now be more prepared to challenge the views of others in relation to my clinical practice. In conclusion, stage five of the Gibbs (1988) model, I am aware that all nurses do not use evidence in the same way and may use different methods but as long as my practice is safe and evidence based then I can practice safely. My future practice will depend on the area in which I am working and I aim to find out the trust protocol concerning clinical procedures before I commence any procedure Within my action plan my aim is to research further into the theory of using alcohol wipes in the administration of IM injections. I am also planning to have a discussion with the qualified nurses on the subject of skin cleansing. In conclusion my reflection skills have developed through the production of this essay. Using a model of reflection has helped me to structure my thoughts and feelings appropriately. My level of awareness concerning evidence based practice, and its importance, has been enhanced with the use of critical reflection. My competence, within this clinical skill, has been further developed and I now feel that my personal and professional development is progressing. Using this reflective model has helped me to realise that my learning is something which I must be proactive in. Furthermore as a student nurse I have recognised that reflection is an important learning tool in practice.

Water Aerobics Essay -- Aquatic Fitness Routine

Water Aerobics Water aerobics has been a strong growing type of exercise for many age groups for years. Water aerobics is a combination of arm and leg movements done in water for beginners. This type of aerobic exercise is typically done for less than an hour. This includes the same type of program as land aerobics with warm up and cool down periods. Swimming exercise uses more of the overall muscle mass of the body than almost any other form of exercise. (Water aerobics, â€Å"What is water aerobics† section, para. 1) Doing water aerobics is good for the joints and helps create a wider range of motion in the joints during exercise. It also nearly eliminates injuries in the water because the body is so buoyant. Water aerobics also improves flexibility because it is not causing pressure on the joints. This is because the body is supported by the water. Most water aerobics are done in waist, chest or neck high deep water. The water is supporting from 85 percent to 90 percent of the body in chest deep water. (Water aerobics, â€Å"Who can participate?† section, para. 1) In an advanced water aerobics class you are doing more calisthenics exercises. An individual doing water aerobics can burn anywhere from 450 to 700 calories for an hour of exercise. (Water aerobics, â€Å"How many calories does it burn?† section, para. 1) There is less stress on the joints and a more efficient cardiovascular workout. This is because water aerobics does not put as much of a beating on your bones and jo...

Philosophical mindset Essay

Philosophical mindset is the tendency to look at the clearer and broader side of events rather than the events itself. One importance of developing a philosophical mindset is on how we view life in order to be successful. Our philosophical mindset is essential because it is the foundation of our principles that will govern our outlook in life. We act, think, and make decisions based from them. As we undergo different series of events in our life, we need to dig deeper and analyze the factors underlying these events before we make sound decisions so that we can eventually achieve success. The more we understand life, the more meaningful it becomes and ultimately the more we enjoy it. According to the movie The Secret, â€Å"what the mind conceives, the body achieves†. This means that everything that we achieve depends on how we perceive them based from our principles. Socrates said, â€Å"Know thyself†. Before we can develop our philosophical mindset, we have to understand first our self. We don’t merely discover what we want and how do we want to achieve them but we look deeper into why do we want them and why do we want to achieve them that way. In here, we try to see things not as they are but we see them based from reasons behind it. This is the reality of life. Our philosophical mindset will govern how we deal with things not as they appear but as to the reasons why they appear like that. It will lead us to the right decisions based from facts because we have to have a thorough investigation and analization before we decide on something. This elaboration of the importance of philosophical mindset coincides with the previous post which discusses the importance of mindset in evangelism. As quoted, in the area of evangelism, philosophical mindset helps one to understand, respect, and appreciate others point of view. One verse in the bible could be understood differently by each individual depending on the experiences that they have in life. Having a philosophical mindset will let a person see the underlying factors why somebody believes that way or this way.

The 15th Century Chinese Explorer Cheng Ho

The 15th Century Chinese Explorer Cheng Ho Decades before Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in search of a water route to Asia, the Chinese were exploring the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific with seven voyages of the Treasure Fleet that solidified Chinese control over much of Asia in the 15th century. The Treasure Fleets were commanded by a powerful eunuch admiral named Cheng Ho. Cheng Ho was born around 1371 in Chinas southwestern Yunan Province (just north of Laos) with the name Ma Ho. Ma Hos father was a Muslim hajji (who had made a pilgrimage to Mecca) and the family name of Ma was used by Muslims in representations of the word Mohammed. When Ma Ho was ten years old (around 1381), he was captured along with other children when the Chinese army invaded Yunan to take control over the region. At the age of 13 he was castrated, as were other young prisoners, and he was placed as a servant in the household of the Chinese Emperors fourth son (out of twenty-six total sons), Prince Zhu Di. Ma Ho proved himself to be an exceptional servant to Prince Zhu Di. He became skilled in the arts of war and diplomacy and served as an officer of the prince. Zhu Di renamed Ma Ho as Cheng Ho because the eunuchs horse was killed in battle outside of a place called Zhenglunba. (Cheng Ho is also Zheng He in the newer Pinyin transliteration of Chinese but hes still most commonly called Cheng Ho). Cheng Ho was also known as San Bao which means three jewels. Cheng Ho, who was said to have been seven feet tall, was given greater power when Zhu Di became emperor in 1402. One year later, Zhu Di appointed Cheng Ho admiral and ordered him to oversee the construction of a Treasure Fleet to explore the seas surrounding China. Admiral Cheng Ho was the first eunuch appointed to such a high military position in China. First Voyage (1405-1407) The first Treasure Fleet consisted of 62 ships; four were huge wood boats, some of the largest ever built in history. They were approximately 400 feet (122 meters) long and 160 feet (50 meters) wide. The four were the flagships of the fleet of 62 ships assembled at Nanjing along the Yangtze (Chang) River. Included in the fleet were 339-foot (103-meter) long horse ships that carried nothing but horses, water ships that carried fresh water for the crew, troop transports, supply ships, and warships for offensive and defensive needs. The ships were filled with thousands of tons of Chinese goods to trade with others during the voyage. In the fall of 1405, the fleet was ready to embark with 27,800 men. The fleet utilized the compass, invented in China in the 11th century, for navigation. Graduated sticks of incense were burned to measure time. One day was equal to 10 watches of 2.4 hours each. Chinese navigators determine latitude through monitoring the North Star (Polaris) in the Northern Hemisphere or the Southern Cross in the Southern Hemisphere. The ships of the Treasure Fleet communicated with one another through the use of flags, lanterns, bells, carrier pigeons, gongs, and banners. The destination of the first voyage of the Treasure Fleet was Calicut, known as a major trading center on the southwestern coast of India. India was initially discovered by Chinese overland explorer Hsuan-Tsang in the seventh century. The fleet stopped in Vietnam, Java, and Malacca, and then headed west across the Indian Ocean to Sri Lanka and Calicut and Cochin (cities on the southwest coast of India). They remained in India to barter and trade from late 1406 to the spring of 1407 when they utilized the monsoon shift to sail toward home. On the return voyage, the Treasure Fleet was forced to battle pirates near Sumatra for several months. Eventually, Cheng Hos men managed to capture the pirate leader and take him to the Chinese capital Nanjing, arriving in 1407. Second Voyage (1407-1409) A second voyage of the Treasure Fleet departed on a return trip to India in 1407 but Cheng Ho did not command this voyage. He remained in China to oversee the repair of a temple at the birthplace of a favorite goddess. The Chinese envoys on board helped to ensure the power of a king of Calicut. The fleet returned in 1409. Third Voyage (1409-1411) The fleets third voyage (Cheng Hos second) from 1409 to 1411 consisted of 48 ships and 30,000 men. It followed closely the route of the first voyage but the Treasure Fleet established entrepots (warehouses) and stockades along their route to facilitate trade and storage of goods. On the second voyage, the King of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) was aggressive; Cheng Ho defeated the kings forces and captured the king to take him to Nanjing. Fourth Voyage (1413-1415) In late 1412, Cheng Ho was ordered by Zhu Di to make  a fourth  expedition. It wasnt until late 1413 or early 1414 that Cheng Ho embarked on his expedition with 63 ships and 28,560 men. The goal of this trip was to reach the Persian Gulf at Hormuz, known to be a city of amazing wealth and goods, including pearls and precious stones much coveted by the Chinese emperor. In the summer of 1415, the Treasure Fleet returned with a bounty of trade goods from the Persian Gulf. Detachments of this expedition sailed south along the eastern coast of Africa almost as far south as Mozambique. During each of Cheng Hos voyages, he brought back diplomats from other countries or encouraged ambassadors to go to the capital Nanjing on their own. Fifth Voyage (1417-1419) The fifth voyage was ordered in 1416 to return the ambassadors who had arrived from other countries. The Treasure Fleet departed in 1417 and visited the Persian Gulf and the east coast of Africa, returning envoys along the way. They returned in 1419. Sixth Voyage (1421-22) A sixth voyage was launched in the spring of 1421 and visited Southeast Asia, India, the Persian Gulf, and Africa. By this time, Africa was considered Chinas El Dorado, a source of riches. Cheng Ho returned in late 1421 but the remainder of the fleet didnt arrive in China until 1422. Emperor Zhu Di died in 1424 and his son Zhu Gaozhi became emperor. He canceled the voyages of the Treasure Fleets and ordered shipbuilders and sailors to stop their work and return home. Cheng Ho was appointed military commander of Nanjing. Seventh Voyage (1431-1433) The leadership of Zhu Gaozhi did not last long. He died in 1426 at the age of 26. His son and Zhu Dis grandson Zhu Zhanji took Zhu Gaozhis place. Zhu Zhanji was much more like his grandfather than his father was and in 1430 he resumed the Treasure Fleet voyages by ordering Cheng Ho to resume his duties as admiral and make  a seventh  voyage in an attempt to restore peaceful relations with the kingdoms of Malacca and Siam. It took a year to gear up for the voyage which departed as a large expedition with 100 ships and 27,500 men. On the return trip in  1433,  Cheng Ho is believed to have died; others state that he died in 1435 after the return to China. Nonetheless, the era of exploration for China was soon over as the following  emperors  prohibited trade and even the construction of ocean-going vessels. Its likely that a detachment of one of Cheng Hos fleets sailed to northern Australia during one of the seven voyages based  upon  the Chinese artifacts found as well as the oral history of the Aborigine. After the seven voyages of Cheng Ho and the Treasure Fleets, Europeans began to make headway toward China. In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias rounded Africas Cape of Good Hope, in 1498 Vasco da Gama reached Chinas favorite trading city of Calicut, and in 1521 Ferdinand Magellan finally reached Asia by sailing west. Chinas superiority in the Indian Ocean was unrivaled until the 16th century when the Portuguese arrived and established their colonies along the rim of the Indian Ocean.

Advantage of China Economic Essay Example

Advantage of China Economic Essay Example Advantage of China Economic Essay Advantage of China Economic Essay 1st advantage China has a more developed than in many developing countries and the balance of trade, Chinas much faster rate than India has been since the 1950s, manufacturing growth. In 1980, when China and India in the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita more or less equal, China has enjoyed a strong advantage in manufacturing. 2nd advantage Chinas strong and effective state machinery has been modernized and effective tool for mobilizing resources. Despite the belief of the free market as the only reliable tool for the development of the advantages, the fact is, South Korea and Taiwan has been the modernization of state-led. China increased by only one example, despite the fact that, since the 1980s, a smaller share of economic activity in the account, rather than in the 1949-1979 state. China is able to pour huge amounts of state money, the development of new industries and new export processing zone (EPZ), great infrastructure, and a few developing countries compete. This also applies to the exercise of social control by the Chinese state level. 3rd advantage Large-scale China 1. 3 billion people, a big country has greatly magnified the effective state-led economic growth and superior manufacturing advantages. It produces the benefits of economies of scale. Her huge export processing zones set up out of nothing, and now China houses the worlds export processing zones, two-thirds of the workers. This advantage to help China build its own specialized three basic manufacturing clusters, each. The first is the Pearl River Delta (including Hong Kongs main export channel), specializing in labor-intensive manufacturing, production of spare parts and their General Assembly. Second, the Yangtze River delta, specializing in capital-intensive industries: automotive, semiconductors, mobile phones and laptops, computers, and others. th advantage Legacy of land reform. Is generally considered Chinas land reform more successful than India. India, China has been in the competition as early as 1980, even in all the early indicators of human development: literacy rate, daily calorie intake, mortality, infant mortality, life expectancy and so on. 5th advantage Deep-rooted nationalism. More than 90%, while th e dominant Indian nation, the state dominated by the Han ethnic group accounts for only one-fifth of the country. This could make China more than Indias nationalist consistency: in fact, this factor helps to Peoples Republic of China (China) rise, and to promote her once, did not dare defy the United States and the Soviet Union at the same time. Chinas anti-colonial and contemporary history, made her sensitive to both foreign domination and confidence, without fear, if necessary. 6th advantage China is fully atomized in the face of an absolute state of labor. 1949 revolution, is a real farmers to mobilize the masses for Chinas modernization and democratization. Although the task of modernization has achieved some notable, the latter democracy failed. On the contrary, we have a bureaucratic state control of all popular, and any award. Disadvantages of Economic in ChinaIt said the rise of the worlds fourth-largest economy was mainly fuelled by investments and exports. The figure was above the 10. 5% that officials had predicted. The government is worried that such high levels of growth may be unsustainable, and has taken a series of measures to try to slow it down. The Chinese economy has now enjoyed four consecutive years of at least 10% growth, the NBS said. The expansion in 2006 topped the 10. 4% rate a year earlier, and is the highest since 1995, when the economy grew by 10. 9%. In 2006, the national economy maintained steady and fast growth, NBS commissioner Xie Fuzhan told reporters in Beijing. Chinas economy continues to be powered by a huge appetite for investment, and a boom in exports that generated a trade surplus of $177. 47bn last year. But the government is concerned that some parts of the economy are becoming overheated. Beijing has taken a number of steps in order to cool things down. These policies and measures proved to be effective and helped economic development avoid moving from speedy growth to overheating. Pollutions problem A lot of money, so that exports from China has ended up in Shanghai, Chinas stock exchange. Yuan moneys huge trade surplus in 2006 It has gone from the worlds one of the worst performing one of the best, says the BBCs Quentin Somerville Shanghai. But some experts are concerned that the exchange of the stock market bubble of the housing bubble, our correspondent says. He increase China success thanks to low wages, good infrastructure and a huge almost pollution. Factories and economic costs of pollution in the environment and the health of the Chinese people should not get the records, our correspondent says. China growth figures itself health advice, he adds. Halfway discovered last year by the government, the economy $ 100 billion more than previously estimated. Advantages of economic in USA First, its land large. Other things equal, a country is the largest (ie the U. S. relative to the size of the average size of the countrys advantage. In 101 countries, per capita income as a sample of 54% . 1 estimate of the difference shows the advantage of greater advantage, if no internal trade barriers. Since its inception, the United States has been fortunate in the internal free trade, interstate commerce clause because the U. S. Constitution, which states that only the federal government can regulate trade between the 50 states. In addition, labor and capital to move between a countrys regions. The main advantage is to be accepted by the worlds currency, the dollar and a lot of GDP (gross domestic product of the total production in a country the value of all goods and services), and has a strong military and a stable government. These are the foreign investment, private and government investment in the U. S. market attractiveness, and the Department of Treasury securities. Increase foreign investment in available cash economy to create jobs and wealth. It also allows the U. S. government in low-interest loans. These are vital to the economy, because it is consumption. Disadvantages of Economic in USA The disadvantage is all dependent on it is dependent on all the markets, commodities, housing, production, retail sales, consumer technology are the foundation. With this economy, it is necessary to maintain public expenditure, to buy, creating demand for goods and services increasing. It is also dependent on the public is willing to accept debt as a way of life. This makes foreign and domestic investment and credit life support mechanisms. When the bubble is in any market, or credit is limited, it creates a deflation, sending all the other market crash, once started, it is very difficult if not impossible to stop and open the f around. When down or stall the economy, domestic GDP booths, confidence and stability, not to stimulate it. At this point, the government can only life support because they are in the 1930s, most recently in the collapse of the economy. Federal Reserve (Fed) must be printed with the flood of debt the money supply. As the economy recovers, the Fed must be precise timing of economic liquidity (printed money). Too much too fast will lead to economic stall and return to recession. If there is not enough to take out, or not soon, inflation will soon be established, the risk of hyperinflation.

Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Knowledge Management - Essay Example In order to efficiently control people who comprise the desired tacit knowledge, it is fundamental to take into consideration their cultural and social values, likings and dislikings, feelings and eagerness’s for creating new knowledge (Asian Foundation, 2008). The paper includes the recognition and analysis of knowledge management as a crucial component in organisational progression and also the importance of managing the people who deal with managing knowledge in the organization as well as the effect of wrong culture on reducing the effectiveness of knowledge management. Significance of Knowledge Management in the Organisational Context Knowledge management is one of the most critical arguments in this world of globalization. It is famous both in the industry and the information research world. In reality, an individual deals with huge amount of data and information but these do not become knowledge unless certain value is found out of it. For this reason, knowledge managem ent is required. Knowledge management deals with the processes of acquiring, creating and sharing knowledge and cultural and technical justifications that can substantiate them. Knowledge management is the collection of numerous technologies of information that are used to simplify the gathering, organizing, alteration and transformation of knowledge among employees. Knowledge management has both benefits as well as limitations. The various advantages are focused in a brief way. In every organization, there is need to find the specific knowledge which can be utilized by individual’s for future requirements. This would rather help to gain more knowledge in a short time frame. Besides, the other crucial aspect is the ability of all individual employees to use the organization’s knowledge and... The intention of this study is knowledge management as one of the most critical arguments in this world of globalization. It is famous both in the industry and the information research world. In reality, an individual deals with huge amount of data and information but these do not become knowledge unless certain value is found out of it. For this reason, knowledge management is required. Knowledge management deals with the processes of acquiring, creating and sharing knowledge and cultural and technical justifications that can substantiate them. Knowledge management is the collection of numerous technologies of information that are used to simplify the gathering, organizing, alteration and transformation of knowledge among employees. Knowledge management has both benefits as well as limitations. The various advantages are focused in a brief way. In every organization, there is need to find the specific knowledge which can be utilized by individual’s for future requirements. Th is would rather help to gain more knowledge in a short time frame. Besides, the other crucial aspect is the ability of all individual employees to use the organization’s knowledge and experiences in their own way so that it can be helpful in the path of life. Moreover, another significant point of concern is availability of the knowledge, at exact time and in right manner so that it can be transmitted according to the needs. Thus, knowledge management enables an organisation to gather required information for reference in any point of time by any employee.

Compare and contrast market systems and the role of an economist Research Paper

Compare and contrast market systems and the role of an economist within these systems - Research Paper Example Perfect Competition is a market system defined by a large number of buyers and sellers, similar type of products and a low cost of production (Pass, Lowes & Davies, 1993). In Perfect Competition, the role of an economist is to identify the barriers that may hamper the free play of demand and supply. Monopoly is a market system that comprises of a single seller and a product with no close substitutes (Pass, Lowes & Davies, 1993). Contrary to Perfect Competition, in a Monopoly, the seller commands a significant control over the price of the sold goods or services. Any economist dedicated to capitalism ought to extend a theoretical and ethical resistance in a monopolistic scenario. An Oligopoly is a market system dominated by a few sellers (Pass, Lowes & Davies, 1993). The products sold are usually identical or similar and are mostly associated with high cost investments, thereby discouraging the entry of the new players. The primary job of an economist in an oligopolistic market system should be to strive for a more efficient distribution of resources, thereby enabling the entry of new firms and an augmentation in